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Sir Arthur Wing Pinero (24 May 1855 – 23 November 1934) was an English actor and later an important dramatist and stage director. ==Life and career== Pinero was born in London, the son of Lucy (née Daines) and John Daniel Pinero, a solicitor.〔(George Rowell Ed. (1986) ''Plays by A. W. Pinero'', Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-24103-0 )〕 His paternal grandfather was from a Sephardic Jewish family, while his other grandparents were from a Christian English background.〔(Wilbur Dwight Dunkel (1941) University of Chicago Press )〕 He studied law at Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution before going on the stage. In 1874 he joined R. H. Wyndham's company at the Theatre Royal in Edinburgh. After also acting in Liverpool, Pinero joined Henry Irving's Lyceum Theatre company in London in 1876, where he acted in supporting roles for five years, and later played under the Bancrofts' management at the Haymarket Theatre. He received good notice in Sheridan's ''The Rivals'', in 1884, which he had revised himself.〔Stedman, Jane W. ("General Utility: Victorian Author-Actors from Knowles to Pinero", ) ''Educational Theatre Journal'', Vol. 24, No. 3, October 1972, pp. 289–301, The Johns Hopkins University Press〕 Pinero began writing plays in the late 1870s while at the Lyceum, including ''Daisy's Escape'' in 1879 and ''Bygones'' in 1880.〔 He became a prolific and successful playwright, authoring fifty-nine plays. These include serious social dramas, some dealing with social hypocrisy surrounding attitudes to women in second marriages, including: * His House in Order (play) and * ''The Second Mrs Tanqueray'' (1893) * ''The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith'' (1895) He is best known for his comedies, of which the most notable are: * ''The Magistrate'' (1885) * ''Dandy Dick'' (1887) * ''The Cabinet Minister'' (1890) * ''The Amazons'' (1893) * The Schoolmistress (play) (1894) * ''The Princess and the Butterfly'' (1897) * ''Trelawny of the 'Wells''' (1898) * ''The Gay Lord Quex'' (1899) * ''The Squire'' (1905)〔(''The Squire'' (1905) Samuel French (Google e-book) )〕 * ''Mind the paint, girl'' (1912) His farce ''The Amazons'' was adapted into the 1917 film of the same name, starring Marguerite Clark. His 1923 romance ''The Enchanted Cottage'' was successfully filmed in 1924 and 1945. ''His House in Order'' was made into a 1928 silent film starring Tallulah Bankhead, but the film is lost. Both ''The Magistrate'' and ''Dandy Dick'' were made into films starring Will Hay. His opera in the style of a medieval morality play, ''The Beauty Stone'', (with Arthur Sullivan and J. Comyns Carr) has grown somewhat in popularity in recent years, having gained a recording, but the dialogue is often heavily abridged. In Pinero's 1888 play ''Sweet Lavender'', which was so popular that it ran for an extraordinary (for the time), 683 performances,〔Clark, Barrett H. ''The British and American Drama of Today'', New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1915, pp. 10–13〕 the character Horace utters the famous line, "While there is tea, there is hope." Pinero was knighted in 1909, becoming the second man to be knighted for services to drama alone after W.S. Gilbert. While tremendously popular in his day, his plays are rarely revived. Even in his final years he saw his work starting to go out of style. He died in London in 1934, aged 79. However, ''The Magistrate'' was newly produced by the Royal National Theatre and ran from November 2012 – January 2013, in the Olivier Theatre starting John Lithgow and Nancy Carroll among others. Pinero was one of the few dramatists of his time, apart from William Gillette and Oscar Wilde, who wrote strong parts for leading ladies, but many powerful actresses had their own ideas about how to play certain scenes, quite differently from how he had visualised them. After much trial and error, he eventually hit on a solution to this recurring problem. At rehearsal, he would explain loudly and clearly how he wanted the scene played. Then he would take his place in the stalls, to watch the woman playing it her own way, not his. Immediately he would rush up and shout, "Perfect, perfect! Play it exactly like that on the night!" And for some reason, on the night, they would play it his way, not theirs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Wing Pinero」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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